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ADHD Medications The first medication doctors use to treat symptoms is stimulants. They boost the levels of two chemical messengers in the brain, namely norepinephrine as well as dopamine. The most commonly prescribed stimulants are methylphenidate as well as lisdexamfetamine, available under the brand names Ritalin (Vyvanse) and Concerta (Ritalin). They can reduce appetite and cause weight loss in children. They also increase blood pressure and heart rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is also referred to as Ritalin, is the most well-known stimulant medication used to treat ADHD in both children and adults. It works by changing the quantities of certain natural substances in the brain. It is available in chewable, liquid tablet or capsule form. The long-acting tablet and oral disintegrating tablets supply some of the medication immediately, whereas the capsule that releases long-release release an ongoing dose over time. It is not recommended to drink alcohol while taking these medicines. Stimulant drugs like methylphenidate stimulate parts of the brain that are underactive when people suffer from ADHD, like the bits that deal with concentration. They improve concentration and help with tasks such as listening, following instructions and paying attention. These medications can help decrease physical aggression, as well as some other antisocial behaviors. Studies on methylphenidate and its effects on the brain revealed that it increases levels of noradrenaline and dopamine in the nucleus of the accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. It doesn't bind to the serotonin transporter and does not alter levels of serotonin. It is believed that this mechanism is the reason why methylphenidate reduces symptoms of ADHD. Methylphenidate must be taken as part of a total treatment plan for ADHD that includes counseling and special education. It could cause unwanted side effects, like headaches and stomachaches. It is usually not advised for pregnant women. However, if the advantages of the medication outweigh dangers, it can be given during pregnancy. Your doctor will provide guidance. Methylphenidate is a Schedule II drug, which means it has a significant risk of abuse and addiction. It is also a central nervous stimulant and raise blood pressure and heart rates in some people. These effects can be hazardous for those with medical conditions that affect the way the body uses blood-pressure and heart rate-lowering medications like nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (fatty liver disease) or a history of stroke or heart attack. Methylphenidate can trigger allergic reactions in certain people. If you are prone to allergies, inform your doctor. They may be capable of prescribing a different medication that doesn't cause these reactions. Amphetamines Amphetamines, which are a type of psychostimulant, are used to treat ADHD. They work by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which improve cognitive functioning and motivate behavior. They also aid in treating narcolepsy – which is a condition known as excessive sleep. Amphetamines are readily available and can be purchased over the counter or on prescription from a physician. They are sometimes prescribed to children who don't respond to methylphenidate, which is the first option for treating ADHD in the US. In a new Cochrane review study, researchers reviewed seven randomized controlled trials of amphetamines (dextroamphetamine, the lisdexamfetamine derivative [Vyvanse] and mixed amphetamine salts) in children and adolescents with ADHD. The results showed that amphetamines were superior to placebo for reducing the severity of core ADHD symptoms. The majority of studies were biased. It is hard to tell if the differences between the amphetamines found in the studies are real. The authors investigated different dosages of the drug, but found no difference between immediate-release and sustained-release formulations. The authors also examined the effect of varying the amount of time taken daily and, again, no difference was found. The authors also investigated whether the combination of d-amphetamine and lamphetamine which is the primary ingredient in Adderall, was more effective than damphetamine alone. The researchers discovered that d-amphetamine on its own was not as efficient as the combination. The authors concluded that their validity externally was limited by the brief duration of the research and the strict inclusion criteria. It is beneficial to conduct longitudinal RCTs with longer follow-up periods and employ objective outcomes, which cannot be affected if a blinding failure occurs. Future RCTs could also make use of multiple comparator drugs to increase the efficacy of their findings. Current guidelines recommend lisdexamfetamine as well as methylphenidate for adults with ADHD. If the trial of six weeks of these drugs does not produce enough benefits doctors may switch to dexamfetamine standard which is more quickly broken down into damphetamine and requires more frequent use. Atomoxetine is another alternative if dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine does not provide enough benefit to the patient. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant drugs ease ADHD symptoms in 70% to 80% of children and adults who take these drugs. These drugs cut down on hyperactivity, interruptions fidgeting, fidgeting, and other disruptive behaviors, improving concentration, academic performance, and social skills. Your child's physician may recommend them as the initial treatment, or they could be used in conjunction with other treatments like behavioral therapy. adhd medication list come in liquids, pills or patches that are sprayed on the skin. When your child starts taking these medications, their healthcare providers will monitor bodily responses to find the right dose. They'll also check for adverse effects. Long-acting stimulants alleviate symptoms throughout the day without the need to retake dosages. They have a delayed release component and the medication is introduced into your body at different times. This ensures consistent coverage for up to 8 hours. They also have a lower risk for misuse and diverting than short-acting stimulants. Treatments that help people suffering from ADHD improve their attention, focus and impulsivity generally are classified into two drug classes: methylphenidates or amphetamines. The medication affects the levels of dopamine in the brain. It can take up to a week to experience the full effects of these drugs, so your doctor will probably start with a low dose and gradually increase it. The type of stimulant your child takes depends on a variety of factors including weight, age and whether or whether your child is allergic to the medication or other substances. It's important to tell your doctor whether your child is taking any other prescription or non-prescription medications and vitamins and supplements. Certain medicines can cause dangerous side effects when taken together with other substances. Your doctor should know what medications you and your child are taking. The side effects of stimulant medication include insomnia, loss of appetite, and headaches. The majority of these side effects will go disappear after a couple of weeks or a few months, but you should contact your doctor if they aren't. In certain instances it is possible to lessen the effects by taking the medication with food or by altering the dosage. Short-acting stimulants If you or your child suffers from ADHD, there's a good chance that medication will help. Studies have shown that 70% to 80 percent of children and adults with ADHD are improved by taking ADHD medication. These medications ease symptoms such as hyperactivity, interruptions fidgeting, fumbling, and having trouble staying focused or finishing tasks. People who suffer from this condition typically have fewer issues at home and in school and have better relationships with their families. Stimulants alter levels of norepinephrine as well as dopamine in your brain. They're the first medication that doctors recommend for children and adults with ADHD. Methylphenidate (brand name Ritalin) and dextroamphetamine (brand name Adderall) are two of the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Doctors may also prescribe extended-release versions of these drugs that last between six and 16 hours. It is possible to take them in the morning, or at different times during the day to avoid peak and troughs in your blood levels. Your child or you might need to test different medications and dosages before you find the right one. Side effects can sometimes include stomachaches, headaches, and changes in heart rate or blood pressure. These are usually the case when a new medicine is first introduced or when the dosage is increased. These effects usually disappear after a while, as the body gets used to the medication. All medications can trigger adverse effects. However they aren't commonly experienced by people often or even infrequently. Consult your doctor immediately if you or your child has an adverse reaction. In some cases, a person with ADHD is not required to take stimulant medication. This is especially relevant if the person has excellent coping skills or can organize his or her life so that ADHD medication is only used in certain situations. Certain people could also be prescribed nonstimulant ADHD medication, like antidepressants like bupropion (Wellbutrin). These do not have FDA approval to treat ADHD however, they are often employed “off label” to treat this condition. Nonstimulant medicines can cause less sedation or depression than stimulants, however they may still cause some side effects such as insomnia and agitation.